There are two major mountain systems in Kaohsiung. The first is Chaishan Hill on north side of the Ccity, which is the highest coral reef in Taiwan. There are over 800 kinds of plants, and more thean 200 animal species; among them, the most famous animal in on Chaishan Hill is the Formosan rock-monkeys.

The other mountain is Fongshan Hill Hill, which is on the south side., and Fongshan Reservoir is located on the hill with. 97 kinds of birds having once appeared in this area, and it is also the largest night habitat in Taiwan for common cormorants.